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随着医疗信息化的发展,医疗数据在共享与访问过程中的隐私问题引起了研究者的广泛关注。区块链作为去中心化、匿名、不可篡改的分布式账本技术,为解决医疗场景中的隐私保护问题提供了新的思路。首先列举了医疗数据的隐私保护需求,并介绍了区块链的整体架构。然后将医疗信息隐私保护分为面向数据的隐私保护和面向用户的隐私保护,并详细介绍了面向数据及面向用户的区块链隐私保护方法。面向数据的隐私保护即对敏感信息本身的保护,主要采用基于加密的隐私保护方法、基于失真的隐私保护方法和基于限制发布的隐私保护方法;面向用户的隐私保护即对数据使用者的隐私保护,包括基于访问控制的隐私保护和基于交易匿名的隐私保护。最后对比总结了各类方法的特点以及区块链在隐私保护领域的研究发展现状,并展望了区块链在医疗信息隐私保护领域的发展方向。
Abstract：With the development of medical information, the privacy of medical data has attracted widespread concern among researchers in the process of sharing and accessing. As a decentralized, anonymous, non-tamperable distributed ledger technology, blockchain provided new ideas for solving privacy protection problems in medical scenarios. Firstly, the privacy protection requirements of medical data were listed, and the overall architecture of the blockchain was introduced. Then, the medical information privacy protection technology was introduced in detail, which was divided into data-oriented privacy protection and user-oriented privacy protection. Data-oriented privacy protection was referred to as the protection of sensitive information itself. Encryption-based privacy protection methods, distortion-based privacy protection methods and privacy protection methods based on restricted release were used. User-oriented privacy protection was the privacy protection of data users. It included privacy protection based on access control and transaction anonymity. Finally, the characteristics of various methods were compared and the research status of blockchain in the field of privacy protection was summarized. We prospected the development direction of blockchain in the field of medical information privacy protection was discussed.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13705/j.issn.1671-6841.2020324
中图分类号:TP311.13;TP309;R-05
引用信息:
[1]刘炜,彭宇飞,田钊等.基于区块链的医疗信息隐私保护研究综述[J],2021,53(02):1-18.DOI:10.13705/j.issn.1671-6841.2020324.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1201403);; 河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划项目(21HASTIT031);; 河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划项目(2019GGJS018);; 河南省高等学校重点科研项目(20A520035);; 郑州市协同创新重大专项(20XTZX06013);; 赛尔网络下一代互联网技术创新资助项目(NGII20190707)